Neurofeedback (EEG) monitors electrical activity in the cerebral cortex and feeds back the information to the patient who can then interactively alter the patterns. Tried with many functions that might benefit from this direct feedback, for example relaxation, pain control, ADD/ADHD, specific learning disabilities, seizure disorders, asthma, gastrointestinal disorders, incontinence, back problems such as curvature of the spine, drooling and involuntary movements. Claims to enable control over autonomic functions via breathing, heart rate and blood pressure, and to enhance performance. A number of studies have come out in the last few years, especially concerning ADHD.
Biofeedback training of muscle activity (EMG) attempts to improve gait, for example in hemiplegia. The monitor makes a signal, for example a sound, when the muscle relaxes, with the aim of training the person to have conscious control of this function. Some studies have worked with small numbers of people with very limited movement, using biofeedback training to enable them to operate a “virtual keyboard”, picking out letters in order to communicate.
For uses directly connected with cerebral palsy, evidence and availability are limited.
Becerra J et al., Follow-up study of learning-disabled children treated with neurofeedback or placebo.[Follow-up from a study done three years before.]
Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 2006 Jul;37(3):198-203.
Sterman MB, Egner T., Foundation and practice of neurofeedback for the treatment of epilepsy. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 2006 Mar;31(1):21-35.
Neuper C et al., [EEG-based communication--a new concept for rehabilitative support in patients with severe motor impairment]. Die Rehabilitation 2003 Dec;42(6):371-7. German.
Dursun E et al. Effects of biofeedback treatment on gait in children with cerebral palsy. Disability and Rehabilitation 2004 Jan 21;26(2):116-20.
Biofeedback equipment for relaxation, and information: Aleph One Ltd., tel: 01223 811679,
www.aleph1.co.uk/bio.
